Study Notes

When login on the Linux system, the following steps must be passing by.

First,the system will check the password and user name inputed from the “/etc/passwd” file which is a pure text file. Each line of “/etc/passwd” can be splited to 7 partitions.
for example:
root:x: 0: 0: root:/root:/bin/bash
[1] [2][3][4] [5] [6] [7]
[1]: the 1st partition, means the login name,here is root
[2]: the password which has been encrypted.
[5]: the whole user name
[6]: the user’s directory, of course, the root’s HOME directory is “root”
[7]: the user’s SHELL, default setting is “/bin/bash”

Second and third, the system will execute two environment configuration files: “/etc/profile” and “.profile” which is always located at user’s home directory.

“/etc/profile” contains both global and local variables settings which is could be accessed by sessions and instances. PATH information, termina configuration, and security commands are also declared in this files(I think KDE wallet is such tool in Mandriva).
It indicated the date and recorder the events when log on.

“.profile”, is build up as new user created, this configuration could recovery some items of /etc/profiles by using “unset” command.

If we want to make the two files actively right now, log in again or issue the following commands: # ./pathname/file

stty, is used to set temina features. query the current configuration,executing “# stty -a”

In some cased, we need to create “.logout” file. Edit the “.profile”, and add the following line:
trap ” $HOME/.logout” 0
when the users log out, the signal “0” was passed, it meangs quit from SHELL now, and before this matter happen, “.logout” file was executed.

Memorable Quotes from The Shawshank Redemption (1994)

Hope is a dangerous thing. Hope can drive a man insane.

I have no idea to this day what those two Italian ladies were singing about. Truth is, I don’t want to know. Some things are best left unsaid. I’d like to think they were singing about something so beautiful, it can’t be expressed in words, and makes your heart ache because of it. I tell you, those voices soared higher and farther than anybody in a gray place dares to dream. It was like some beautiful bird flapped into our drab little cage and made those walls dissolve away, and for the briefest of moments, every last man in Shawshank felt free.

There are places in this world that aren’t made out of stone, and that there’s something inside that they can’t get to ,and that they can’t touch. It’s yours.
What’re you talking about? Andy Dufresne: Hope.

Remember, hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things. And no good thing ever dies.

We sat and drank with the sun on our shoulders and felt like free men. Hell, we could have been tarring the roof of one of our own houses. We were the lords of all creation.

I find I’m so excited, I can barely sit still or hold a thought in my head. I think it’s the excitement only a free man can feel, a free man at the start of a long journey whose conclusion is uncertain. I hope I can make it across the border. I hope to see my friend, and shake his hand. I hope the Pacific is as blue as it has been in my dreams. I hope.

Get busy living, or get busy dying.

I have to remind myself that some birds aren’t meant to be caged. Their feathers are just too bright. And when they fly away, the part of you that knows it was a sin to lock them up DOES rejoice. Still, the place you live in is that much more drab and empty that they’re gone. I guess I just miss my friend.

I find I’m so excited, I can barely sit still or hold a thought in my head. I think it the excitement only a free man can feel, a free man at the start of a long journey whose conclusion is uncertain. I hope I can make it across the border. I hope to see my friend, and shake his hand. I hope the Pacific is as blue as it has been in my dreams. I hope.

Memorable Quotes from The Weather Man (2005)

Do you know that the harder thing to do and the right thing to do are usually the same thing? Nothing that has meaning is easy. “Easy” doesn’t enter into grown-up life.

Always fast food. Fast food. Things that people would rather throw out than finish. It’s easy, it tastes all right, but it doesn’t really provide you any nourishment. I’m fast food.

In this shit life, you have to chuck some things.

“Throughout marriage, BJs lacked enthusiasm. Had difference of opinion over how important that was. I thought very.” You know what, Dave? You want to know why my BJs lacked enthusiasm? I hated you. I hated your hair. I hated your ugly legs, your forearms. I hated kissing your lips, Dave. Okay? And that’s why I lacked enthusiasm when your cock was in my mouth.

I remember once imagining what my life would be like, what I’d be like. I pictured having all these qualities, strong positive qualities that people could pick up on from across the room. But as time passed, few ever became any qualities that I actually had. And all the possibilities I faced and the sorts of people I could be, all of them got reduced every year to fewer and fewer. Until finally they got reduced to one, to who I am. And that’s who I am, the weather man.

I alway use KGhostView to read PDF documents in my Mandriva, but KGhostView could only display English well, if reading the Simplified Chinese files, KGhostView show nothing excepting of some pictures. This issue had annoyed me for long time since Mandriva installed. When I wanted to study Linux Shell by reading pfd resources downloaded from Chinapub.com, I had to connect to remote computer which has Microsoft Windows.

There were two windows computers in my controlling, for some reason, both of these two computers were unavailable. So I had to find a way to read Simplified Chinese pdf files in my Mandriva.

I’ve configured KGhostView and tried again, nothing appeared. Then Xpdf which is another pdf readed owner by Mandriva(Maybe other Linux distributions also contains) became to my mind.

Xpdf could not support Simplified Chinese directly, I used the following steps to resolve this problem.

First, chech which rpm packages about XPdf had been installed:
# rpm -qa | grep “xpdf”
In Mandriva, the result is ‘xpdf-3.01-1mdk’, OK, I’ll download the simplified Chinese package for xpdf and install it. The xpdf government website is in construction statues, and I found that rpm name “xpdf-chinese-simplified” in rpmfinder.net.
Executing the following command to install it:
# rpm -ivh xpdf-chinese-simplified-2.01-8.i386.rpm
Now, I am ready to configure xpdf.

Modify the ‘/usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/add-to-xpdfrc.chinese’ (in Mandriva), change all the ‘/usr/local/share’ instead of ‘/usr/share’, and save it.
(After modified)
# vi /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/add-to-xpdfrc.chinese

#—– begin Chinese Simplified support package (2002-jun-17)
cidToUnicode Adobe-GB1 /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/Adobe-GB1.cidToUnicode
unicodeMap ISO-2022-CN /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/ISO-2022-CN.unicodeMap
unicodeMap EUC-CN /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/EUC-CN.unicodeMap
unicodeMap GBK /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/GBK.unicodeMap
cMapDir Adobe-GB1 /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/CMap
toUnicodeDir /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/CMap
displayCIDFontX Adobe-GB1 “-*-fangsong ti-medium-r-normal-*-%s-*-*-*-*-*-gb2312.1980-0” ISO-2022-CN
#—– end Chinese Simplified support package

Note, in some Linux distributions, this files maybe contains the ‘Adobe-GB1’ like ‘Adobe-G1’ because the programer has error in writing ‘GB’ string. if the string is ‘Adobe-G1’, we have to modify it to ‘Adobe-GB1’ by ourself.

Final lap, open the ‘/etc/xpdfrc’, and add all the lines of “/usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/add-to-xpdfrc.chinese” into this configuration.
(After added)
# vi /etc/xpdfrc
#========================================================================
#
# Sample xpdfrc file
#
# The Xpdf tools look for a config file in two places:
# 1. ~/.xpdfrc
# 2. in a system-wide directory, typically /usr/local/etc/xpdfrc
#
# This sample config file demonstrates some of the more common
# configuration options. Everything here is commented out. You
# should edit things (especially the file/directory paths, since
# they’ll likely be different on your system), and uncomment whichever
# options you want to use. For complete details on config file syntax
# and available options, please see the xpdfrc(5) man page.
#
# Also, the Xpdf language support packages each include a set of
# options to be added to the xpdfrc file.
#
# http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/
#
#========================================================================

#—– display fonts

# These map the Base-14 fonts to the Type 1 fonts that ship with
# ghostscript. You’ll almost certainly want to use something like
# this, but you’ll need to adjust this to point to wherever
# ghostscript is installed on your system. (But if the fonts are
# installed in a “standard” location, xpdf will find them
# automatically.)

displayFontT1 Times-Roman /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/n021003l.pfb
displayFontT1 Times-Italic /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/n021023l.pfb
displayFontT1 Times-Bold /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/n021004l.pfb
displayFontT1 Times-BoldItalic /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/n021024l.pfb
displayFontT1 Helvetica /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/n019003l.pfb
displayFontT1 Helvetica-Oblique /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/n019023l.pfb
displayFontT1 Helvetica-Bold /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/n019004l.pfb
displayFontT1 Helvetica-BoldOblique /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/n019024l.pfb
displayFontT1 Courier /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/n022003l.pfb
displayFontT1 Courier-Oblique /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/n022023l.pfb
displayFontT1 Courier-Bold /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/n022004l.pfb
displayFontT1 Courier-BoldOblique /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/n022024l.pfb
displayFontT1 Symbol /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/s050000l.pfb
displayFontT1 ZapfDingbats /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/d050000l.pfb

# If you need to display PDF files that refer to non-embedded fonts,
# you should add one or more fontDir options to point to the
# directories containing the font files. Xpdf will only look at .pfa,
# .pfb, and .ttf files in those directories (other files will simply
# be ignored).

#fontDir /usr/local/fonts/bakoma

#—– PostScript output control

# Set the default PostScript file or command.

#psFile “|lpr -Pmyprinter”

# Set the default PostScript paper size — this can be letter, legal,
# A4, or A3. You can also specify a paper size as width and height
# (in points).

psPaperSize A4

#—– text output control

# Choose a text encoding for copy-and-paste and for pdftotext output.
# The Latin1, ASCII7, and UTF-8 encodings are built into Xpdf. Other
# encodings are available in the language support packages.

#textEncoding UTF-8

# Choose the end-of-line convention for multi-line copy-and-past and
# for pdftotext output. The available options are unix, mac, and dos.

textEOL unix

#—– misc settings

# Enable t1lib, FreeType, and anti-aliased text.

enableT1lib no
enableFreeType yes
antialias yes

# Set the command used to run a web browser when a URL hyperlink is
# clicked.

urlCommand “www-browser %s”

#—– begin Chinese Simplified support package (2002-jun-17)
cidToUnicode Adobe-GB1 /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/Adobe-GB1.cidToUnicode
unicodeMap ISO-2022-CN /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/ISO-2022-CN.unicodeMap
unicodeMap EUC-CN /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/EUC-CN.unicodeMap
unicodeMap GBK /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/GBK.unicodeMap
cMapDir Adobe-GB1 /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/CMap
toUnicodeDir /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/CMap
#displayCIDFontX Adobe-GB1 “-*-fangsong ti-medium-r-normal-*-%s-*-*-*-*-*-gb2312.1980-0” ISO-2022-CN
displayCIDFontTT Adobe-GB1 /usr/share/fonts/ttf/chinese/fireflysung.ttf
#—– end Chinese Simplified support package

#—– begin Chinese Traditional support package (2002-apr-14)
cidToUnicode Adobe-CNS1 /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-traditional/Adobe-CNS1.cidToUnicode
unicodeMap Big5 /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-traditional/Big5.unicodeMap
unicodeMap Big5ascii /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-traditional/Big5ascii.unicodeMap
cMapDir Adobe-CNS1 /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-traditional/CMap
toUnicodeDir /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-traditional/CMap
#displayCIDFontX Adobe-CNS1 “-*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-%s-*-*-*-*-*-big5-0” Big5
# If you have the Arphic fonts, you may want to use this instead:
# displayCIDFontX Adobe-CNS1 “-arphic-ar pl kaitim big5-medium-r-normal–%s-*-*-*-c-*-iso10646-1” UCS-2
displayCIDFontTT Adobe-CNS1 /usr/share/fonts/ttf/chinese/fireflysung.ttf
#—– end Chinese Traditional support package

#—– begin Cyrillic support package (2003-jun-28)
nameToUnicode /usr/share/xpdf/cyrillic/Bulgarian.nameToUnicode
unicodeMap KOI8-R /usr/share/xpdf/cyrillic/KOI8-R.unicodeMap
#—– end Cyrillic support package

#—– begin Japanese support package (2002-apr-01)
cidToUnicode Adobe-Japan1 /usr/share/xpdf/japanese/Adobe-Japan1.cidToUnicode
unicodeMap ISO-2022-JP /usr/share/xpdf/japanese/ISO-2022-JP.unicodeMap
unicodeMap EUC-JP /usr/share/xpdf/japanese/EUC-JP.unicodeMap
unicodeMap Shift-JIS /usr/share/xpdf/japanese/Shift-JIS.unicodeMap
cMapDir Adobe-Japan1 /usr/share/xpdf/japanese/CMap
toUnicodeDir /usr/share/xpdf/japanese/CMap
#displayCIDFontX Adobe-Japan1 “-*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-%s-*-*-*-*-*-jisx0208.1983-0” ISO-2022-JP
#—– end Japanese support package

#—– begin Korean support package (2002-apr-01)
cidToUnicode Adobe-Korea1 /usr/share/xpdf/korean/Adobe-Korea1.cidToUnicode
unicodeMap ISO-2022-KR /usr/share/xpdf/korean/ISO-2022-KR.unicodeMap
cMapDir Adobe-Korea1 /usr/share/xpdf/korean/CMap
toUnicodeDir /usr/share/xpdf/korean/CMap
#displayCIDFontX Adobe-Korea1 “-*-mincho-medium-r-normal-*-%s-*-*-*-*-*-ksc5601.1987-0” ISO-2022-KR
#—– end Korean support package

#—– begin Thai support package (2002-jan-16)
nameToUnicode /usr/share/xpdf/thai/Thai.nameToUnicode
unicodeMap TIS-620 /usr/share/xpdf/thai/TIS-620.unicodeMap
#—– end Thai support package

#—– begin Greek support package (2003-jun-28)
nameToUnicode /usr/share/xpdf/greek/Greek.nameToUnicode
unicodeMap ISO-8859-7 /usr/share/xpdf/greek/ISO-8859-7.unicodeMap
#—– end Greek support package

#—– begin Latin2 support package (2002-oct-22)
unicodeMap Latin2 /usr/share/xpdf/latin2/Latin2.unicodeMap
#—– end Latin2 support package

#—– begin Turkish support package (2002-apr-10)
unicodeMap ISO-8859-9 /usr/share/xpdf/turkish/ISO-8859-9.unicodeMap
#—– end Turkish support package

#—– begin Hebrew support package (2003-feb-16)
unicodeMap ISO-8859-8 /usr/share/xpdf/hebrew/ISO-8859-8.unicodeMap
unicodeMap Windows-1255 /usr/share/xpdf/hebrew/Windows-1255.unicodeMap
#—– end Hebrew support package

#—– begin Arabic support package (2003-feb-16)
unicodeMap ISO-8859-6 /usr/share/xpdf/arabic/ISO-8859-6.unicodeMap

#—– begin Chinese Simplified support package (2002-jun-17)
cidToUnicode Adobe-GB1 /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/Adobe-GB1.cidToUnicode
unicodeMap ISO-2022-CN /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/ISO-2022-CN.unicodeMap
unicodeMap EUC-CN /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/EUC-CN.unicodeMap
unicodeMap GBK /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/GBK.unicodeMap
cMapDir Adobe-GB1 /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/CMap
toUnicodeDir /usr/share/xpdf/chinese-simplified/CMap
displayCIDFontX Adobe-GB1 “-*-fangsong ti-medium-r-normal-*-%s-*-*-*-*-*-gb2312.1980-0” ISO-2022-CN
#—– end Chinese Simplified support package

#—– end Arabic support package

Save the modified file, run the xpdf program, simplified Chinese is able to read perfectly! Yeah, that’s what I want!

There are two riser card in Intel SC2400 platform. One is full height, and the other is low profile. The low profile riser card had three PCI-X 100/66 slots. Full height has three option items:
Passive, which contains three PCI-X 100/66 slots;
Active, two PCI-X 133/66 slots located in top two position, and one PCI-X 100/66 slot.
Option 3, one PCI-X 100/66 and two PCI-E x 4 slots.

Powerleader’s default order is Passive.

In SC1400 platform which is 1U rack,
Low profile riser card: one PCI-X 100/66 slot
Full height riser card: one PCI-X 133/66 or one PCI-E x 8.

There are 71 2300RGII(7501WV2/SC2300) servers in the production line. And the worker told me the alter LED in the front panel is always glaring in some machines. I tried to re-flashed the BIOS and FRUSDR, the nosie is lower, and it seemed the LED do not alert. But if the machines is powered off for some minutes,and then power on again, the LED would be glaring again.

Finally, I found the resolution.It will be resolved by the following way:
1. Update the FRUSRD to 5.6.B
2. Update the BMC to 1.20
3. Update the BIOS to 3.90 build 250
4. Clear CMOS
the operation must be taken in former order.

Changsha customer asked if they could only replace the RAID card when the original RAID card halted. The answer is yes. Because the RAID information is written to both RAID Card and Hard Diskes,once the new raid card is inserted, the information will be translated from harddisk to raid card automatically. I’ve done this test in 2510(BD2 / Intel SRCZCRX),when the raid card is replaces,it alters, and will show messages about recovery.

Sapello,pilot point 4 DP:
Non-redundant 550W PFC Power Supply;
Two non-redundant cooling fans;
Support for six tool for non-hotswap hard drivers;
Cable(one each): Front panel cable,USB cable, Chassis Instrusion cable.

Silver 5C5299DP(Polot Point 4 DP) with 550W fix PSU, 2 Chassis fan,racable,support up to 6 fixed drivers,upgradable to 6 hot swap drivers.support Sapello and Star Lake.

Thermal Solutions:
http://mpes.fm.intel.com/default.aspx

Bensley CPU Thermal/Machine:
1U passive Cu base (78.7mm x 88.9mm)
Chassis: SSI compliant Chassis list:
http://www.ssiforum.org

S5000VSA(SATA SKU) Server Board
FYI: Operation system drivers:
“Alpha” drivers for Microsoft Windows Server 2003 and Microsoft Windows Server EM64T,RHEL 4.0 u2 and RHEL 4.0u2 EM64T.

Dempsey(1067MHz FSB/2M Cache/Dual Core)

Ther boards provide eight fan headers:
One Memory fan,two for CPU fans and five for system fans.

Intel S5000 Chipset (codename: blackford)
OS Test : Basic Installation Testing, Compability and stress testing.
MS 2003 Enterprise Edition x32 & x64
RHEL Linux 4.0 U2 x 64
SuSE Linux Enterprise 9.0 SP3 x64

Memory: Micron 256MB,Infineon 512MB/1GB,Micron 2.0GB

The Intel server board S5000VSA(Sapello) is designed to support the 3.4GHz(and higher)/1067 MHz FSB/2M L2 cache Intel Xeon Processors.

If there are any error in the testing, we could use SEL to view the log.

Tr is used to delete controll characters and substance characters from standard input file.There are two strings, one indicates query conditions, and anther is used to translate between characters. When using tr, the first string is imaged to the second string, and then begin to translate.
syntax: tr -c -d -s [*string1_to_translate_from*] [string2_to_] file
-c : use the other character set except for itself in ASCII to substance the original.
-d : delete all the character existing in the first string
-s : delete all the duplicate character, and only keep the unique character.
1. delete duplicate lines:
# vi oops.txt
Baaarcelona vvs Chellseaa
# tr -s “[a-z]” oops.txt
Barcelona vs Chelsea
2. delete null lines.
# tr -s “[

uniq : remove the duplicate lines from sorted file.
syntax : uniq -u -d -c input-file output-file
-u : display the unique lines
-d : dipalsy the duplicate lines
-c : print the duplicate count
-f n : n means number, the first n characters are ignored

join : join lines of two file to a common field
syntax : join [option] input-file1 input-file2

cut:remove sections from echa line of files
paste: merge lines of files
# ls -l | paste

split : split files into pieces,or split big files to some small pieces.
Sometimes, it would be easy for us to split big files to some small pieces when we are transporting these big files. For example,when we use Vi or sort, there will be a large buffer area if edit big files. As we all know, large buffer should be avoided.That is saying, we have to split the file first.
split syntax : split -output_file_size input_filename output_filename
-output_file_size means how many lines the file will be splited. the maximum lines is 1000.
The splited pieces are named from x[aa] to x[zz], in which “x” is the firt character of the file name. [aa][zz] must be used together.for example:
# split -2 test_file
result: xaa xbb
Pay attention,”x” is always “x”,not “s” which is the first letter of the file_name.

Last month, February, I am busy in making the project plan which is about Intel dual core baseboard.Sapello and Star Lake’s SAS sku are arranged to me,and these products will be released at March 15th. Due to the project time point, I believe good communication with my group members are very important, try to know what they need, and when they would start and finish their own working. This communication seemes to be difficult, but I’ve found fun in these project management. More useful knowledge except of technology are learned.

Everyboby in my team has great effection and patience. The succession is always depended on them. I must keep balance in the team and encourage both my engineers and myself.

I am on my way which I want to affect the persons around me, and I hope we could learne from each other and be good friends. If so, my team should be the most strongest and powerful.

An emergency issue is AF2/5300BRP in Hainan. These machines are not stable and the customer lost the patience. I think Samsung DDR2 memory and Intel’s BIOS are the reason. A report suggesting not to use Samsung DDR2 memory in Intel server board was sent by some inside sales of Intel. We had servaral meetings to discussing whether our products should still use Samsung Memory. As the result, Infineon is determined to instead of Samsung.

Intel platform must not be trusted without testing in our lab. There are so many error including hardware design and bios bugs happened in these expensive machines.

Finally, I am continuting my Linux Shell studying in my spare time.The notes will be written following this article.