去掉^M
2023年5月26日
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去掉符号^M(即”\015″)
分类: Perl
存档
‘Perl’ 分类的存档
Perl Jifty研究01
2020年2月15日
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准备写一个基于文本的报价系统，计划用Jifty开发框架。今天晚上完成了开发环境的搭建，在之前装httpd+CGI的CentOS中，做了一些调整。记录如下:
1. CentOS7.2的网络配置在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/下的”ifcfg-“开头的系列文件中。只要是以”ifcfg-“开头的，配置都会被系统读出。这个和之前的版本是不一样(即便加上后缀.bak之类也会配置IP)。使用”ip addr list”查看新的IP是否设置成功。
2. CentOS7.2停止开机自动启动服务，使用”systemctl disable httpd-service”取消httpd开机自动重启。“systemctl –type=service”查看所有开机自动运行的服务列表。“systemctl list-units”显示所有当前服务，”systemctl list-unit-files”显示系统所有服务(包括未启动的)。这个和之前的chkconfig配置也不一样。
考RHCE都是十五年前的事情了，这些年对Linux系统的深入研究少了，还得认真补充学习。
使用CPAN安装Jifty, 总是遇到CPAN的网络速度慢或网络无法访问问题。于是想办法把CPAN设置为国内镜像站点后解决。修改CPAN的配置文件MyConfig.pm中urllist对应的链接信息，按照http://www.cpan.org/SITES.html所列出的站点改为国内镜像。 具体步骤如下。
# vim ./cpan/CPAN/MyConfig.pm
'urllist' => [q[http://mirrors.163.com/cpan/],
q[ftp://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/],
q[http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CPAN/]],
然后就可以通过CPAN顺利安装Jifty了。
查看安装的Perl模块有两个方法:
#perldoc -t perllocal | grep Jifty Fri Feb 14 23:17:01 2020: "Module" Jifty::DBI
第二种方式是使用以下脚本
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use ExtUtils::Installed;
my $inst = ExtUtils::Installed->new();
my @modules = $inst->modules();
foreach (@modules) {
my $ver = $inst->version($_) || "???";
printf("%-22s -Version- %-22s\n", $_, $ver);
}
exit;
分类: Perl
perldoc的使用问题
2019年5月30日
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Ubuntu中的perldoc无法显示perlfunc,perlsyn文档。原因是这些文档的pod没有安装。解决方法是先用perl -v查询到per的版本号，然后下载对应的源代码。将源代码中的Pod目录下的所有.pod文件，复制到perl -V列出的任何一个目录中。即可使用
# perldoc perlfunc # perldoc perlsyn
分类: Perl
Perl通过CGI操作Excel文档
2019年5月21日
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着手写一个工具: 在Web页面中选择器件类型和数量，然后生成配置报价预览，并提供销售配置表和BOM表的xls下载链接。
1. 搭建开发平台:
安装CentOS7.2最小版，配置网络, 注意网卡配置文件中的网关字符串是NETMASK，不是MASK。
yum install vim yum install gcc yum install httpd
配置httpd, 以/var/www/cgi-bin/为默认目录，该目录中index.html为默认主页;
编辑/var/www/cgi-bin/目录下的.htaccess文件:
# 使用rewrite方法，实现http://172.16.210.143/test.pl # 为 http://172.16.210.143/test （不带perl的后缀) RewriteEngine on RewriteRule ^test$ test.pl RewriteRule ^result$ result.pl # 实现xls文件的自动下载 <Files *.xls> ForceType application/octet-stream Header set Content-Disposition attachment </Files>
2. 编辑index.html页面，获取输入信息。index.html的forum中输入的信息传递到result.pl。
3. Perl无法实现在同一个xls表格中单元格(cell)的复制(内容和格式)，必须先生成一个拷贝xls, 然后对拷贝的xls进行内容填充和格式编辑。如果通过CPAN安装Spreadsheet::ParserExcel和Spreadsheet::WriteExcel模块，可以安装成功，也能在命令行模式正常运行，但是如果在浏览器中运行result.pl时，会提示报错
[cgi:error] [pid 4778] [client 192.168.1.104:52082] AH01215: Can't loc +ate Spreadsheet/ParseExcel.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib6 +4/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/shar +e/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at /var/www/ +cgi-bin/result.pl line 11.
这个问题困扰了我一天多时间，最后我在perlmonks上发帖求助，解决了这个问题。原来CPAN安装模块可能会出现问题，需要手工方式安装。我在metacpan上下载了Spreadsheet::ParseExcel的源文件(tar.gz), 然后复制到/usr/local/src目录中解压进行安装，会提示需要安装其它的功能模块，逐一下载并安装。
Crypt-RC4-2.02.tar.gz Digest-Perl-MD5-1.9.tar.gz IO-stringy-2.111.tar.gz OLE-Storage_Lite-0.19.tar.gz Parse-RecDescent-1.967015.tar.gz Spreadsheet-ParseExcel-0.65.tar.gz Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.40.tar.gz
成功安装Spreadsheet::ParseExcel和Spreadsheet::Write模块后，在web中执行CGI就没有问题了。
4. 使用require引用其它perl代码，避免主程序过长。主程序中的参数能直接传递到require引用的新代码中。
5. 解决xls中文输入乱码的问题，使用以下方法进行中文转码解决
decode("utf-8",$string)
6. xls中单元格格式的获取和设置问题.
格式获取:
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use Spreadsheet::ParseExcel;
use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
# Open the template with SaveParser
my $parser = new Spreadsheet::ParseExcel;
my $workbook = $parser->Parse('1.xls');
my $worksheet = $workbook->worksheet(0);
my $cell = $worksheet->get_cell(7,8);
my $format = $cell->get_format();
my $pattern = $format->{Fill}->[0];
my $color1 = $format->{Fill}->[1];
my $color2 = $format->{Fill}->[2];
my $wrap = $format->{Wrap};
my $font = $format->{Font};
my $fontcolor = $font->{Color};
my $bold = $font->{Bold};
my $alignH = $format->{AlignH};
my $alignV = $format->{AlignV};;
print $color1,"\n";
print $color2,"\n";
#$workbook->close();
格式设置:
$format_cell_bdh = $workbook_bom_s12->add_format();
$format_cell_bdh->set_align('center');
$format_cell_bdh->set_align('vcenter');
$format_cell_bdh->set_bottom('1');
解决上述问题，就可以对Excel做各种操作了。为了方便，我使用了比较老的xls文件，并未测试xlsx格式。
分类: Perl
判断字符串是否为utf8
2018年2月23日
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春节放假前将批量数据导入数据库时，发现utf8报错。今天是年后上班第一天，很快找到了解决方法，将所有数据顺利导入。
return $is_utf8 if ($content !~ /[\x80-\xff]/)
分类: Perl
CPAN中安装模块
2014年5月28日
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今天在CPAN中安装模块，总是遇到“Can’t exec “make”: No such file or directory at /usr/share/perl/5.18/CPAN/Distribution.pm line 2084“。折腾了半天，才发现是Ubuntu中的make没有装上。按以下方法装好后，就可以在CPAN中正常安装了。
# sudo apt-get update # sudo apt-get install build-essential
分类: Perl
搭建第一个Catalyst应用实例
2012年3月22日
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记录搭建第一个Catalyst应用实例的步骤。前面安装的Catalyst::Devel中已经包括了用来输出HTML的Template Toolkit，现在需要安装的是Catalyst和它的接口Catalyst::View::TT，
# cpan -i Catalyst::View::TT
根据Catalyst::View::TT的标准，在View目录下生成TT.pm文件：
phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ perl script/myapp_create.pl view TT TT phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ ls lib/MyApp/View/ TT.pm
获取Catalyst::View::TT的版本信息:
$ perl -MCatalyst::View::TT -e 'print Catalyst::View::TT->VERSION' 0.38
修改Makefile.PL文件，在’require’区域后面加上‘Catalyst::View::TT’:
phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ vim Makefile.PL
修改后的Makefile.PL文件:
#!/usr/bin/env perl
# IMPORTANT: if you delete this file your app will not work as
# expected. You have been warned.
use inc::Module::Install 1.02;
use Module::Install::Catalyst; # Complain loudly if you don't have
# Catalyst::Devel installed or haven't said
# 'make dist' to create a standalone tarball.
name 'MyApp';
all_from 'lib/MyApp.pm';
requires 'Catalyst::Runtime' => '5.90011';
requires 'Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader';
requires 'Catalyst::Plugin::Static::Simple';
requires 'Catalyst::Action::RenderView';
requires 'Moose';
requires 'namespace::autoclean';
requires 'Config::General';
# This should reflect the config file format you've chosen
requires 'Catalyst::View::TT' => '0.38';
# See Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader for supported formats
test_requires 'Test::More' => '0.88';
catalyst;
install_script glob('script/*.pl');
auto_install;
WriteAll;
在MyApp/root目录中创建输入的HTML模板，将模板文件命名为’phillip.tt’, 其代码如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN">
<html xmlns=" http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh_ch">
<head>
<title>Phillip的哲学世界</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Phillip的哲学世界</h1>
<p>
哪只球队将获得是今年的意甲冠军?
[% word | html %].
</p>
</body>
</html>
现在phillip.tt还不能做任何事，因为没有定义与之关联的应用。下面将生成一个名字为”Phillip”的控制器：
phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ perl script/myapp_create.pl controller Phillip exists "/home/phillip/MyApp/script/../lib/MyApp/Controller" exists "/home/phillip/MyApp/script/../t" created "/home/phillip/MyApp/script/../lib/MyApp/Controller/Phillip.pm" created "/home/phillip/MyApp/script/../t/controller_Phillip.t"
生成在Phillip.pm文件在/lib/MyApp/Controller目录下。
phillip@athens:~/MyApp/lib/MyApp/Controller$ ls Phillip.pm Root.pm
修改Phillip.pm,使用前面的phillip.tt模板：
package MyApp::Controller::Phillip;
use Moose;
use namespace::autoclean;
BEGIN {extends 'Catalyst::Controller'; }
=head1 NAME
MyApp::Controller::Phillip - Catalyst Controller
=head1 DESCRIPTION
Catalyst Controller.
=head1 METHODS
=cut
=head2 index
=cut
sub phillip : Global {
my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_;
my $word = $args[0] || 'Barnet';
$c->stash->{template} = 'phillip.tt';
$c->stash->{word}= $word;
}
=head1 AUTHOR
phillip,,,
=head1 LICENSE
This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the same terms as Perl itself.
=cut
__PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;
1;
可以使用myapp_test测试一下:
$ perl script/myapp_test.pl /phillip/milan [debug] Debug messages enabled [debug] Statistics enabled [debug] Loaded plugins: .----------------------------------------------------------------------------. | Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader 0.30 | '----------------------------------------------------------------------------' [debug] Loaded dispatcher "Catalyst::Dispatcher" [debug] Loaded engine "Catalyst::Engine" [debug] Found home "/home/phillip/MyApp" [debug] Loaded Config "/home/phillip/MyApp/myapp.conf" [debug] Loaded components: .-----------------------------------------------------------------+----------. | Class | Type | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+----------+ | MyApp::Controller::Phillip | instance | | MyApp::Controller::Root | instance | | MyApp::View::TT | instance | '-----------------------------------------------------------------+----------' [debug] Loaded Private actions: .----------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------. | Private | Class | Method | +----------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+ | /default | MyApp::Controller::Root | default | | /end | MyApp::Controller::Root | end | | /index | MyApp::Controller::Root | index | | /phillip/phillip | MyApp::Controller::Phillip | phillip | '----------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------' [debug] Loaded Path actions: .-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------. | Path | Private | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | / | /index | | /... | /default | | /phillip/... | /phillip/phillip | '-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------' [info] MyApp powered by Catalyst 5.90011 [info] *** Request 1 (1.000/s) [13033] [Thu Mar 22 17:06:34 2012] *** [debug] Path is "phillip" [debug] Arguments are "milan" [debug] "GET" request for "phillip/milan" from "127.0.0.1" [debug] Rendering template "phillip.tt" [debug] Response Code: 200; Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8; Content-Length: 326 [info] Request took 0.052756s (18.955/s) .------------------------------------------------------------+-----------. | Action | Time | +------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+ | /phillip/phillip | 0.000292s | | /end | 0.046260s | | -> MyApp::View::TT->process | 0.044756s | '------------------------------------------------------------+-----------' <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"> <html xmlns=" http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh_ch"> <head> <title>Phillip的哲学世界</title> </head> <body> <h1>Phillip的哲学世界</h1> <p> 哪只球队将获得今年的意甲冠军? milan. </p> </body> </html>
注意，此时如果在浏览器中访问http://catalyst_ip_or_name:3000/phillip/milan将报错’Page not found’。重新启动Catalyst开发web服务’myapp_server.pl’仍然出现同样的情况。必须要进行编译和安装模块:
phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ perl Makefile.PL include /home/phillip/MyApp/inc/Module/Install.pm include inc/Module/Install/Metadata.pm include inc/Module/Install/Base.pm include inc/Module/Install/Makefile.pm Cannot determine perl version info from lib/MyApp.pm include inc/Module/Install/Catalyst.pm include inc/Module/Install/Include.pm include inc/File/Copy/Recursive.pm *** Module::Install::Catalyst Please run "make catalyst_par" to create the PAR package! *** Module::Install::Catalyst finished. include inc/Module/Install/Scripts.pm include inc/Module/Install/AutoInstall.pm include inc/Module/AutoInstall.pm *** Module::AutoInstall version 1.06 *** Checking for Perl dependencies... [Core Features] - Test::More ...loaded. (0.98 >= 0.88) - Catalyst::Runtime ...loaded. (5.90011 >= 5.90011) - Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader ...loaded. (0.30) - Catalyst::Plugin::Static::Simple ...loaded. (0.29) - Catalyst::Action::RenderView ...loaded. (0.16) - Moose ...loaded. (2.0402) - namespace::autoclean ...loaded. (0.13) - Config::General ...loaded. (2.50) - Catalyst::View::TT ...loaded. (0.38 >= 0.38) *** Module::AutoInstall configuration finished. include inc/Module/Install/WriteAll.pm include inc/Module/Install/Win32.pm include inc/Module/Install/Can.pm include inc/Module/Install/Fetch.pm Writing Makefile for MyApp Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json Writing META.yml phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ make && make test
注意，make install需要root权限,否则报错:
phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ make install !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ERROR: Can't create '/usr/local/bin' Do not have write permissions on '/usr/local/bin' !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! at -e line 1 make: *** [pure_site_install] 错误 13
使用sudo安装模块:
phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ sudo make install [sudo] password for phillip: Installing /usr/local/share/perl/5.12.4/MyApp/Controller/Phillip.pm Installing /usr/local/share/perl/5.12.4/MyApp/root/phillip.tt Installing /usr/local/man/man3/MyApp::Controller::Phillip.3pm Appending installation info to /usr/lib/perl/5.12/perllocal.pod
现在，在浏览器中可正常访问http://catalyst_ip_or_name:3000/phillip/milan。如果更新了/home/phillip/MyApp/root/phillip.tt模板，变化的内容即使重新启动Catalyst web服务器也无法显示。修改后可以重新编译，或者直接对’usr/local/share/perl/5.12.4/MyApp/root/phillip.tt’进行修改也可以。
还有一点需要注意的，Catalyst web服务器启动最好使用：
$ perl script/myapp_server.pl -r -d
‘-r’参数将使服务在恰当的时候自动重启，比如当发现Phillip.pm时:
Saw changes to the following files: - /usr/local/share/perl/5.12.4/MyApp/Controller/Phillip.pm (create) Attempting to restart the server
安装Catalyst
2012年3月20日
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下午在Ubuntu上装了Catalyst Web开发框架。从此处下载安装脚本，然后用root执行:
#perl cat-install
如果此时直接运行catalyst.pl，回提示安装Catalyst::Devel。
# catalyst.pl MyApp To use the Catalyst development tools including catalyst.pl and the generated script/myapp_create.pl you need Catalyst::Helper, which is part of the Catalyst-Devel distribution. Please install this via a vendor package or by running one of - perl -MCPAN -e 'install Catalyst::Devel' perl -MCPANPLUS -e 'install Catalyst::Devel' BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/local/bin/catalyst.pl line 24.
安装Catalyst::Devel。
# perl -MCPAN -e 'install Catalyst::Devel'
使用phillip创建一个具体的实例:
phillip@athens:~$ catalyst.pl MyApp created "MyApp" created "MyApp/script" created "MyApp/lib" created "MyApp/root" created "MyApp/root/static" created "MyApp/root/static/images" created "MyApp/t" created "MyApp/lib/MyApp" created "MyApp/lib/MyApp/Model" created "MyApp/lib/MyApp/View" created "MyApp/lib/MyApp/Controller" created "MyApp/myapp.conf" created "MyApp/myapp.psgi" created "MyApp/lib/MyApp.pm" created "MyApp/lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm" created "MyApp/README" created "MyApp/Changes" created "MyApp/t/01app.t" created "MyApp/t/02pod.t" created "MyApp/t/03podcoverage.t" created "MyApp/root/static/images/catalyst_logo.png" created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_built.png" created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_built_shadow.png" created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_powered.png" created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_powered_shadow.png" created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_built.png" created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_built_shadow.png" created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_powered.png" created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_powered_shadow.png" created "MyApp/root/favicon.ico" created "MyApp/Makefile.PL" created "MyApp/script/myapp_cgi.pl" created "MyApp/script/myapp_fastcgi.pl" created "MyApp/script/myapp_server.pl" created "MyApp/script/myapp_test.pl" created "MyApp/script/myapp_create.pl" Change to application directory and Run "perl Makefile.PL" to make sure your install is complete
按照提示运行‘perl Makefile.PL’完成安装：
phillip@athens:~$ cd MyApp/ phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ perl Makefile.PL
启动Catalyst的Web服务，便于开发调试:
phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ cd script/ phillip@athens:~/MyApp/script$ perl myapp_server.pl
在浏览器中打开http://catalyst_web_server_ip_or_name:3000可以显示页面。
分类: Perl
Perl升级后的问题
2012年3月15日
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在装好Ubuntu 11.10的机器上配置vnc4server,然后想用本地另外一台机器(Ubuntu)远程控制，在这台机器上安装vnc4server时发现了一个报错:
“debconf: Perl may be unconfigured (Can’t locate Debconf/Log.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.15.8/i686-linux /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.15.8 /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.15.8/i686-linux /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.15.8 .) at (eval 1) line 4.”
提示在@INC中无法找到指定的模块。以前没有发现过这个问题，估计是Perl升级到5.15后的原因。@INC在编译时可以设置，可是我没有找到能一次性设定@INC然后使之永久生效的方法。find找到需要的模块在/usr/share/perl5下，然后把它们拷贝到@INC路径目录下，安装就能顺利完成了。现在可以通过vncviewer远程访问和控制ubuntu 11.10了。