搭建第一个Catalyst应用实例
2012年3月22日
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记录搭建第一个Catalyst应用实例的步骤。前面安装的Catalyst::Devel中已经包括了用来输出HTML的Template Toolkit，现在需要安装的是Catalyst和它的接口Catalyst::View::TT，
# cpan -i Catalyst::View::TT
根据Catalyst::View::TT的标准，在View目录下生成TT.pm文件：
phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ perl script/myapp_create.pl view TT TT phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ ls lib/MyApp/View/ TT.pm
获取Catalyst::View::TT的版本信息:
$ perl -MCatalyst::View::TT -e 'print Catalyst::View::TT->VERSION' 0.38
修改Makefile.PL文件，在’require’区域后面加上‘Catalyst::View::TT’:
phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ vim Makefile.PL
修改后的Makefile.PL文件:
#!/usr/bin/env perl
# IMPORTANT: if you delete this file your app will not work as
# expected. You have been warned.
use inc::Module::Install 1.02;
use Module::Install::Catalyst; # Complain loudly if you don't have
# Catalyst::Devel installed or haven't said
# 'make dist' to create a standalone tarball.
name 'MyApp';
all_from 'lib/MyApp.pm';
requires 'Catalyst::Runtime' => '5.90011';
requires 'Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader';
requires 'Catalyst::Plugin::Static::Simple';
requires 'Catalyst::Action::RenderView';
requires 'Moose';
requires 'namespace::autoclean';
requires 'Config::General';
# This should reflect the config file format you've chosen
requires 'Catalyst::View::TT' => '0.38';
# See Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader for supported formats
test_requires 'Test::More' => '0.88';
catalyst;
install_script glob('script/*.pl');
auto_install;
WriteAll;
在MyApp/root目录中创建输入的HTML模板，将模板文件命名为’phillip.tt’, 其代码如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN">
<html xmlns=" http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh_ch">
<head>
<title>Phillip的哲学世界</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Phillip的哲学世界</h1>
<p>
哪只球队将获得是今年的意甲冠军?
[% word | html %].
</p>
</body>
</html>
现在phillip.tt还不能做任何事，因为没有定义与之关联的应用。下面将生成一个名字为”Phillip”的控制器：
phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ perl script/myapp_create.pl controller Phillip exists "/home/phillip/MyApp/script/../lib/MyApp/Controller" exists "/home/phillip/MyApp/script/../t" created "/home/phillip/MyApp/script/../lib/MyApp/Controller/Phillip.pm" created "/home/phillip/MyApp/script/../t/controller_Phillip.t"
生成在Phillip.pm文件在/lib/MyApp/Controller目录下。
phillip@athens:~/MyApp/lib/MyApp/Controller$ ls Phillip.pm Root.pm
修改Phillip.pm,使用前面的phillip.tt模板：
package MyApp::Controller::Phillip;
use Moose;
use namespace::autoclean;
BEGIN {extends 'Catalyst::Controller'; }
=head1 NAME
MyApp::Controller::Phillip - Catalyst Controller
=head1 DESCRIPTION
Catalyst Controller.
=head1 METHODS
=cut
=head2 index
=cut
sub phillip : Global {
my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_;
my $word = $args[0] || 'Barnet';
$c->stash->{template} = 'phillip.tt';
$c->stash->{word}= $word;
}
=head1 AUTHOR
phillip,,,
=head1 LICENSE
This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the same terms as Perl itself.
=cut
__PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;
1;
可以使用myapp_test测试一下:
$ perl script/myapp_test.pl /phillip/milan [debug] Debug messages enabled [debug] Statistics enabled [debug] Loaded plugins: .----------------------------------------------------------------------------. | Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader 0.30 | '----------------------------------------------------------------------------' [debug] Loaded dispatcher "Catalyst::Dispatcher" [debug] Loaded engine "Catalyst::Engine" [debug] Found home "/home/phillip/MyApp" [debug] Loaded Config "/home/phillip/MyApp/myapp.conf" [debug] Loaded components: .-----------------------------------------------------------------+----------. | Class | Type | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+----------+ | MyApp::Controller::Phillip | instance | | MyApp::Controller::Root | instance | | MyApp::View::TT | instance | '-----------------------------------------------------------------+----------' [debug] Loaded Private actions: .----------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------. | Private | Class | Method | +----------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+ | /default | MyApp::Controller::Root | default | | /end | MyApp::Controller::Root | end | | /index | MyApp::Controller::Root | index | | /phillip/phillip | MyApp::Controller::Phillip | phillip | '----------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------' [debug] Loaded Path actions: .-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------. | Path | Private | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | / | /index | | /... | /default | | /phillip/... | /phillip/phillip | '-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------' [info] MyApp powered by Catalyst 5.90011 [info] *** Request 1 (1.000/s) [13033] [Thu Mar 22 17:06:34 2012] *** [debug] Path is "phillip" [debug] Arguments are "milan" [debug] "GET" request for "phillip/milan" from "127.0.0.1" [debug] Rendering template "phillip.tt" [debug] Response Code: 200; Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8; Content-Length: 326 [info] Request took 0.052756s (18.955/s) .------------------------------------------------------------+-----------. | Action | Time | +------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+ | /phillip/phillip | 0.000292s | | /end | 0.046260s | | -> MyApp::View::TT->process | 0.044756s | '------------------------------------------------------------+-----------' <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"> <html xmlns=" http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh_ch"> <head> <title>Phillip的哲学世界</title> </head> <body> <h1>Phillip的哲学世界</h1> <p> 哪只球队将获得今年的意甲冠军? milan. </p> </body> </html>
注意，此时如果在浏览器中访问http://catalyst_ip_or_name:3000/phillip/milan将报错’Page not found’。重新启动Catalyst开发web服务’myapp_server.pl’仍然出现同样的情况。必须要进行编译和安装模块:
phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ perl Makefile.PL include /home/phillip/MyApp/inc/Module/Install.pm include inc/Module/Install/Metadata.pm include inc/Module/Install/Base.pm include inc/Module/Install/Makefile.pm Cannot determine perl version info from lib/MyApp.pm include inc/Module/Install/Catalyst.pm include inc/Module/Install/Include.pm include inc/File/Copy/Recursive.pm *** Module::Install::Catalyst Please run "make catalyst_par" to create the PAR package! *** Module::Install::Catalyst finished. include inc/Module/Install/Scripts.pm include inc/Module/Install/AutoInstall.pm include inc/Module/AutoInstall.pm *** Module::AutoInstall version 1.06 *** Checking for Perl dependencies... [Core Features] - Test::More ...loaded. (0.98 >= 0.88) - Catalyst::Runtime ...loaded. (5.90011 >= 5.90011) - Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader ...loaded. (0.30) - Catalyst::Plugin::Static::Simple ...loaded. (0.29) - Catalyst::Action::RenderView ...loaded. (0.16) - Moose ...loaded. (2.0402) - namespace::autoclean ...loaded. (0.13) - Config::General ...loaded. (2.50) - Catalyst::View::TT ...loaded. (0.38 >= 0.38) *** Module::AutoInstall configuration finished. include inc/Module/Install/WriteAll.pm include inc/Module/Install/Win32.pm include inc/Module/Install/Can.pm include inc/Module/Install/Fetch.pm Writing Makefile for MyApp Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json Writing META.yml phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ make && make test
注意，make install需要root权限,否则报错:
phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ make install !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ERROR: Can't create '/usr/local/bin' Do not have write permissions on '/usr/local/bin' !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! at -e line 1 make: *** [pure_site_install] 错误 13
使用sudo安装模块:
phillip@athens:~/MyApp$ sudo make install [sudo] password for phillip: Installing /usr/local/share/perl/5.12.4/MyApp/Controller/Phillip.pm Installing /usr/local/share/perl/5.12.4/MyApp/root/phillip.tt Installing /usr/local/man/man3/MyApp::Controller::Phillip.3pm Appending installation info to /usr/lib/perl/5.12/perllocal.pod
现在，在浏览器中可正常访问http://catalyst_ip_or_name:3000/phillip/milan。如果更新了/home/phillip/MyApp/root/phillip.tt模板，变化的内容即使重新启动Catalyst web服务器也无法显示。修改后可以重新编译，或者直接对’usr/local/share/perl/5.12.4/MyApp/root/phillip.tt’进行修改也可以。
还有一点需要注意的，Catalyst web服务器启动最好使用：
$ perl script/myapp_server.pl -r -d
‘-r’参数将使服务在恰当的时候自动重启，比如当发现Phillip.pm时:
Saw changes to the following files: - /usr/local/share/perl/5.12.4/MyApp/Controller/Phillip.pm (create) Attempting to restart the server